英语翻译A current limiting breaker is based upon fast acting switches.Such a breaker can use power semiconductors such as IGBTs or IGCTs,and can detect a fault and switch off in microseconds.This enables current to be limited to lowlevels,thereby

英语翻译A current limiting breaker is based upon fast acting switches.Such a breaker can use power semiconductors such as IGBTs or IGCTs,and can detect a fault and switch off in microseconds.This enables current to be limited to lowlevels,thereby
英语翻译
A current limiting breaker is based upon fast acting switches.Such a breaker can use power semiconductors such as IGBTs or IGCTs,and can detect a fault and switch off in microseconds.This enables current to be limited to low
levels,thereby limiting the fault energy that must be dissipated by the breaker or in the system.A basic IGBT based solid state AC breaker arrangement is shown in Fig.8.Using two poles results in a bi-directional DC circuit breaker.
Fig.8.IGBT based AC circuit breaker An IGBT (or IGCT) based breaker will have higher losses that an SCR breaker since it has two series semiconductor
drops.A low loss hybrid version of circuit of Fig.8 is possible by adding bypass contacts across the IGBT switches.To retain the benefit of solid state current limiting,the contacts must open extremely quickly for a fault.Such
devices have been demonstrated [7] where high energy mechanisms were employed to obtain fast contact opening.Current limiting requires a counter voltage be developed across the active switches (e.g.using a voltage “clamp”).In
traditional breakers this is accomplished using arc chutes,though not very quickly.For a solid state solution,this is achievable using passive components such as capacitors,Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs),switched resistors,etc.
The clamp circuit can take many forms.A clamp directly across each switch (as in Fig.8) most closely resembles a traditional breaker (with arc structure).Note that if the clamp is a simple R-C snubber type with no initial capacitor voltage,reduced current limiting will occur since the capacitor allows
current to increase as it is charging.A small value capacitor
with parallel MOV would prevent a current increase after
switch turn off.
A bus clamp arrangement as shown in Fig.9 has the benefit of allowing the source side clamp to be shared among multiple breakers within a switchboard.This relies on the probability that not all breakers will see a simultaneous worst case fault,and the source inductance is common to all breakers – i.e.one source - one clamp.
Fig.9.Solid state circuit breaker with bus clamps For a DC application,the load side clamp could become a simple free wheel diode.A consequence of this is a long current decay time for inductive loads.If the DC breaker does not require bi-directional control,then the breaker can be reduced to the arrangement shown in Fig.10.
Fig.10.Unidirectional IGBT based DC circuit breaker A novel bus clamping arrangement is shown in Fig.11.Here a single clamp is used to service a number of breakers,providing both source and load side voltage clamping and energy absorption.This clamp is similar to that employed in matrix converters [8].By removing a pole (or phase) the same approach can be used for a DC switchboard,offering a “Universal” topology.

英语翻译A current limiting breaker is based upon fast acting switches.Such a breaker can use power semiconductors such as IGBTs or IGCTs,and can detect a fault and switch off in microseconds.This enables current to be limited to lowlevels,thereby
A current limiting breaker is based upon fast acting switches. Such a breaker can use power semiconductors such as IGBTs or IGCTs, and can detect a fault and switch off in microseconds. This enables current to be limited to low levels, thereby limiting the fault energy that must be dissipated by the breaker or in the system. A basic IGBT based solid state AC breaker arrangement is shown in Fig. 8. Using two poles results in a bi-directional DC circuit breaker.
Fig. 8. IGBT based AC circuit breaker An IGBT (or IGCT) based breaker will have higher losses that an SCR breaker since it has two series semiconductor drops. A low loss hybrid version of circuit of Fig. 8 is possible by adding bypass contacts across the IGBT switches.
电流限制断路器建立在快动作开关的基础上.此类断路器可以使用如IGBT 或 IGCT 功率半导体,可以在几个微秒之内检测出电路故障及开关关闭.这样电流就能被限制在低电平,从而限制由断路器或是在系统中耗散的漏电电能.以基本的IGBT为基础的固态交流断路器布置图,如图8所示.使用两个电极将导致双流向直流断路器,如图8所示,以IGBT为基础的交流断路器.以IGBT（或IGCT）为基础的断路器较之SCR可控硅断路器将产生更高的损耗,这是因为前者有两个串联的半导体传输线.若通过穿过IGBT开关增加分路连接,如图8所示的低损耗混合型电路模式也可成为现实.
To retain the benefit of solid state current limiting, the contacts must open extremely quickly for a fault. Such devices have been demonstrated [7] where high energy mechanisms were employed to obtain fast contact opening. Current limiting requires a counter voltage be developed across the active switches (e.g. using a voltage “clamp”).
为保持固态电流限制的优势,对电路故障点连接必须以极快的速度迅速开启.此类仪器已经证明,人们可采用高能机械装置以保持快速连接开启.电流限制要求反电压须穿过工作中的开关（如使用电压钳）.
In traditional breakers this is accomplished using arc chutes, though not very quickly. For a solid state solution, this is achievable using passive components such as capacitors, Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs), switched resistors, etc.
在传统的断路器中,这是通过使用电弧隔板来完成的,尽管不是非常迅速.对于固态解决方案,可通过无源元件来完成,如电容器,金属氧化物变阻器（MOVs）,交换式电阻器等.
The clamp circuit can take many forms. A clamp directly across each switch (as in Fig. 8) most closely resembles a traditional breaker (with arc structure). Note that if the clamp is a simple R-C snubber type with no initial capacitor voltage, reduced current limiting will occur since the capacitor allows current to increase as it is charging. A small value capacitor with parallel MOV would prevent a current increase after switch turn off.
箝位电路有很多种形式.直接穿过每个开关（如图8所示）夹钳类似于传统的（弧形结构的）断路器.请注意,若夹钳是一个简单的无初始电容电压的R-C减震器型,将产生降低的电流限制,这是因为充电时电容器允许电流增加.在开关关闭之后,带有并联的金属氧化物变阻器的小额电容器可阻止电流增加.
A bus clamp arrangement as shown in Fig. 9 has the benefit of allowing the source side clamp to be shared among multiple breakers within a switchboard. This relies on the probability that not all breakers will see a simultaneous worst case fault, and the source inductance is common to all breakers – i.e. one source - one clamp.
母线夹布置图如图9所示,具有在同一个配电板内允许源端沟道可被多级断路器共享使用的优势.这一优势成为可能则取决于并非所有的断路器都面临同步的最糟糕的电路故障,且电感对所有的断路器都很普遍,如一个源端对一个夹钳.
Fig. 9. Solid state circuit breaker with bus clamps
For a DC application, the load side clamp could become a simple free wheel diode. A consequence of this is a long current decay time for inductive loads. If the DC breaker does not require bi-directional control, then the breaker can be reduced to the arrangement shown in Fig. 10.
如图9所示 带有母线夹的固态断路器
对于直流电应用,负荷端夹钳应成为一个简单的活轮二极管.结果之一即是对电感负荷的长时间的电流衰减时间.若直流断路器不要求双流向控制,则断路器可依照如图10所示的布置图进行删减.
Fig. 10. Unidirectional IGBT based DC circuit breaker
A novel bus clamping arrangement is shown in Fig. 11. Here a single clamp is used to service a number of breakers, providing both source and load side voltage clamping and energy absorption. This clamp is similar to that employed in matrix converters [8]. By removing a pole (or phase) the same approach can be used for a DC switchboard, offering a “Universal” topology.
图10 以单向IGBT为基础的直流断路器
新型的母线夹布置图如图11所示.此处使用单一的夹钳服务于数个断路器,并提供源端沟道和负荷端电压箝位及能量吸收.该夹钳类似于矩阵变换器[8]中使用的夹钳.通过移除一个基点（或相位）,在直流配电板上可以采用同样的方法,即提供了一个“通用的”拓扑结构.

一个电流限制开关是基于快速反应开关。这样一个开关可以使用功率半导体如IGBTs或IGCTs,可以发现故障,并切断以微秒。这使电流限于低
水平,从而限制故障能量耗散必须由断路器或系统。一个基本的IGBT为基础的固态交流断路器安排如图8。用两根杆子导致一种双向直流高压断路器。
图8。基于交流断路器的IGBT的IGBT(或IGCT)基于断路器可以有更高的损失,因为它两种策略合作关...

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一个电流限制开关是基于快速反应开关。这样一个开关可以使用功率半导体如IGBTs或IGCTs,可以发现故障,并切断以微秒。这使电流限于低
水平,从而限制故障能量耗散必须由断路器或系统。一个基本的IGBT为基础的固态交流断路器安排如图8。用两根杆子导致一种双向直流高压断路器。
图8。基于交流断路器的IGBT的IGBT(或IGCT)基于断路器可以有更高的损失,因为它两种策略合作关系SCR开关系列半导体
滴。一个低损耗混合版本的电路的图。8是可能的,通过增加旁路接触穿过IGBT开关。保留的利益的固态电流限制,极快的速度必须打开接触故障。这种
设备已经被证实[7]高能源机制被雇用来获得快速联系开放。电流限制要求开发一个计数器电压开关(如在积极利用电压“夹”)。在
这是实现传统断路器,虽然没有采用arc坡道非常迅速。对于一个固态溶液,这可以用被动元件,如电容器、不受MOVs)、交换电阻器等。
夹具电路可以采取很多方式。在每一个直接控制开关(图8)最像传统的开关(以弧形构造)。注:如果钳是一个简单的r - c缓冲式无初始电容电压、电流限制将出现下降的电容器可以从
电流增加,因为它是充电。一个小的价值
以防止电流并联打动后增加
开关关掉。
一辆公共汽车钳安排如图9有利益的来源,允许共享一面夹在多个断路器在一个交换机。这种依赖的可能性,并不是所有的断路器会看到一个同步的最恶劣的过错,来源电感器都是一样的——如断路器-一个夹一来源。
图9)。固态断路器为直流电路公交夹子夹应用,将成为一个负荷侧简单自由轮二极管。这是由于长时间的感应负载电流衰减。如果直流开关不需要双向控制,然后断路器可以减少到安排,如图10。
图10。直流高压断路器单向IGBT为基础的安排是一种总线夹如图11分。这里是一个单一的夹具的用于服务,同时提供电源与负载侧电压夹持及能量吸收。这种夹相似矩阵变换器受雇于[8]。移除一杆(或相位)同样的方法也可以用于直流配电板,提供了一个“宇宙”的拓扑结
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