谁知道木棉花的一些特性?出于好奇,我比较喜欢它,想对它多了解点!

谁知道木棉花的一些特性?出于好奇,我比较喜欢它,想对它多了解点!
谁知道木棉花的一些特性?
出于好奇,我比较喜欢它,想对它多了解点!

谁知道木棉花的一些特性?出于好奇,我比较喜欢它,想对它多了解点!
编辑本段基本信息
拼音：MUMIANHUA
英文：Commen Bomhax Flower
花语：英雄之花
科属：木棉科 落叶大乔木
别名：斑芝树、英雄树、攀枝花
原产地：印度、印尼、菲律宾,又名攀枝花,落叶大乔木,高10－20公尺.树干基部密生瘤刺,枝轮生,叶互生.每年2－3月份先开花,后长叶.花冠五瓣,橙黄或橙红色.花萼黑褐色,革质.花后结椭圆形硕果,内为卵圆形的种子和白色的棉絮.en:Bombax ceiba vi:Gạo (cây)
木棉花的花语:珍惜身边的人,珍惜身边的幸福.
编辑本段形态特征
树干直立有明显瘤刺；侧枝轮生作水平方向开展；掌状复叶,叶柄很长；花朵大型,橙黄或橙红色；果实为蒴果,成熟后会自动裂开,里头充满了棉絮,棉毛可做枕头、棉被等填充材料.木棉外观多变化：春天时,一树橙红；夏天绿叶成荫；秋天枝叶萧瑟；冬天秃枝寒树,四季展现不同的风情.花桔红色,4月开花,先开花后长叶,树形具阳刚之美.
编辑本段文献记载
木棉最早见载于晋葛洪的《西京杂记》：西汉时,南越王赵佗向汉帝进贡烽火树,“高一丈二尺,一本三柯,至夜光景欲燃”,据说此烽火树即木棉树.广州人对木棉有着特殊的情感,这是因木棉一直造福岭南.
粤人以木棉为棉絮,做棉衣、棉被、枕垫,唐代诗人李琮有“衣裁木上棉”之句.宋郑熊《番禺杂记》载：“木棉树高二三丈,切类桐木,二三月花既谢,芯为绵.彼人织之为毯,洁白如雪,温暖无比.”木棉花还可以做药,每逢春末采集,晒干,经拣除杂质和清理洁净后,用水煎服,可清热去湿.
木棉花较大,色橙红,极为美丽,可供欣赏.古代广州木棉树种植甚广,其中以南海神庙前的十余株最为古老.每年旧历二月,木棉花盛开,每天来观者达数千人,场面热闹,清屈大均以《南海神庙古木棉花歌》颂之.现在南海神庙仍有两棵古木棉,久经风霜,挺拔依然.
木棉树属于速生、强阳性树种,树冠总是高出附近周围的树群,以争取阳光雨露,木棉这种奋发向上的精神及鲜艳似火的大红花,被人誉之为英雄树、英雄花.最早称木棉为“英雄”的是清人陈恭尹,他在《木棉花歌》中形容木棉花“浓须大面好英雄,壮气高冠何落落”.1959年,广州市长朱光撰《望江南·广州好》50首,其中有“广州好,人道木棉雄.落叶开花飞火凤,参天擎日舞丹龙.三月正春风”之句.
木棉花为广州市和高雄市市花.
木棉花亦为攀枝花市的市花,攀枝花市也是我国唯一以花名作为城市名的城市.
相关诗句：
“姚黄魏紫向谁赊,郁李樱桃也没些,却是南中春色别,满城都是木棉花.”
编辑本段药用价值
来源 本品为木棉科植物木棉Gossampinus malabarica(DC,）Merr,的干燥花朵.
原植 物木棉为落叶大乔木,高可达25米；茎和大枝有短而粗的圆锥形硬刺,树皮灰白色.叶互生,掌状复叶具5～7片小叶；小叶长圆形或椭圆形,长1O～20厘米,宽5～7厘米,顶端渐尖,基部阔或稍狭,边全缘.花早春先叶开放,红色,直径约10厘米或更大,簇生于枝的近顶处；萼杯状,长3～4.5厘米,顶端5浅裂,裂片阔而钝；花瓣5片,肉质,长圆形,长8～1O厘米,两面被星状柔毛；雄蕊多数,排成多轮,花丝基部合生.果大,木质,长10～15厘米,果瓣内面有丰富的绵毛；种子多数,倒卵形,黑色.
喜生于气候干热的山地.分布海南、台湾、广西、云南和四川南部；广东及福建中部以南广为栽培.印度、中南半岛、马来西亚至热带澳洲均有.
采收加工 春季采摘或拾取盛开花朵.晒干.
药材性状 花朵全长5～8厘米,干时皱缩,呈不规则的块状,多不具子房和花柄.花萼杯状,长2.4厘米,直径2～3厘米,顶端3～5裂,厚革质,甚脆,外表棕黑色,有纵皱纹,内面被灰黄色短绒毛.花瓣5片,皱缩或破碎,面棕黄色或深棕色,被星状毛,内面红棕色,星状毛较少；雄蕊多数,排成多列,基部合生,花药肾形,卷曲.气微,味淡微甘.以朵大完整,色棕黄者为佳.
性味和功用 淡、涩,平.清热,利湿,解毒.用于泄泻,痢疾,血崩,疮毒.常用量5～10克.
附注 木棉的树皮广东作海桐皮入药,称广东海桐皮.味苦,性平,功能宣散风湿.
功用:清热,利湿,解毒.用于泄泻,痢疾,血崩,疮毒.
性味:淡、涩,平.

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