动词是否能够做定语?怎么才能做?

来源:学生作业帮助网 编辑:作业帮 时间:2024/05/07 01:56:54
动词是否能够做定语?怎么才能做?

动词是否能够做定语?怎么才能做?
动词是否能够做定语?怎么才能做?

动词是否能够做定语?怎么才能做?
动词只能作谓语,
若要作定语,只能转换形式,
因为动词本身作谓语,而定语不属于谓语的范畴,
所以定语是非谓语,
非谓语有3种形式
1.ing分词
顾名思义,就是+ing,如果要细分的话,就分为现在分词和动名词.
现在分词做定语.
以动词interest为例:由于interest的词性只有动词和名词,而动词不能作定语,所以转变为非谓语中的ing分词形式.
an interesting book一本有趣的书
2.ed分词(过去分词)
动词tire为例,a tired boy累坏的小男孩
3.to do(不定式)同样能做定语

动词能做定语,不过有很多种形式:
一、动词不定式做定语
不定式在句中做定语通常做后置定语,即放在被修饰名词或代词后。它通常有以下几种用法:
(一)不定式常可用来修饰物,表示要做某事。
如:1.The next train to arrive was from NewYork.下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。
2.I have nothing to say o...

全部展开

动词能做定语,不过有很多种形式:
一、动词不定式做定语
不定式在句中做定语通常做后置定语,即放在被修饰名词或代词后。它通常有以下几种用法:
(一)不定式常可用来修饰物,表示要做某事。
如:1.The next train to arrive was from NewYork.下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。
2.I have nothing to say on this question.在这个问题上,我没有什么话要说。
3. We are looking for somewhere to live.我们正在找一个地方住。
(二)不定式还可用来修饰人。
如:1.He was the first guest to arrive.他是第一个到达的客人。
2.Miss Brown was the next person to rise to speak.布朗小姐是下一个起来发言的人。
3.He was a brave man to do what he did.他是个勇者才有这样的行为。
(三)很多特定的名词后也可用不定式做定语,这样的名词常用的有:way,time,reason,chance,opportunity,need,wish,effort,right,ambition等。
如:1.It's time for you to get up and go to school.你该起床去上学了。
2.There is no reason to doubt his word.没有理由怀疑他的话。
3.They have now an opportunity to go abroad to study further.他们现在有机会出国深造。
(四)某些动词或形容词后可接不定式时,它相应的同根名词也常用不定式做定语。
如:1.He made an attempt to learn English well.他试图学好英语。(attempt to do sth)
2.His ability to get on with people is his chief advantage.他能和人相处是他的主要优势。(be able to do sth)
3.I don't trust his promise to come for a visit.我不相信他来访的诺言。(promise to do sth)
4.Her anxiety to succeed led her to work hard.她迫切想成功,这促使她努力工作。(be anxious to do sth)
此外,当不定式中的动词与所修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系且动词为不及物动词时,需用“不定式+介词”的结构,这种情况下的介词不能省略。如:
1.I need a pen to write with.我需要一支笔写字。
2.Give me some paper to write on.给我一些纸写字。
3.There are some things to be grateful for.有一些事应该为之表示感激。
(这种不定式+介词做定语的形式也可转换成:介词+which+todo做定语,如上面的第一句I need a pen to write with.可转换为I need a pen with which to write.)
不定式做定语除了原形to do外,还会下面的形式,即:不定式的被动形式to be done,不定式的完成时to have done.如:
1.There is no need to have bought a new pair of shoes for me.没有必要给我买一双新鞋。(to have bought意为“已买”).
2.There are plans to be made at once.要立即制定计划。(表示计划被制定)
3.He was the second man to be killed this way.他是第二个这样被杀害的人。(表示这个人被杀害)
注意:当不定式做定语时,有两种情况可用不定式的主动表被动。
1.There be句型中不定式to do和to be done都可表被动,可以不区别。如:There are a lot of things to do/to be done this afternoon.今天下午有许多事要做。
2.当不定式与所修饰词有动宾关系同时又与本句中的另一个名词或代词构成主谓关系时,可用不定式的主动形式to do表示被动含义。如:
Mr.Smith,I have some questions to ask.史密斯先生,我有一些问题要问。(不定式to ask的动作执行者是主语I)
Please give me somebooks to read.请给我一些书读。(不定式to read的动作执行者是句中的me)
但:I'm going to the post office;do you have anything to be sent?我要去邮局,你有什么要寄的东西吗?(此句中send这个动作不是句中you发出的,所以用了被动)
二、动词ing形式做定语
动词ing 形式既包括动名词又包括现在分词,动词的-ing形式做定语在句中通常有两个位置,如果是单个的动词的-ing形式做定语,常放在被修饰词前做前置定语;如果是动词的-ing形式的短语做定语,常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。如:
1.He is an attacking player.他是一个攻击型的运动员。
2.He asked an embarrassing question.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。
3.A little child learning to walk often falls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤。
4.Do you know the number of people coming to the party?你知道来参加晚会的人数吗?
注意:当-ing形式做后置定语时,可以相当于相应的定语从句。如:
1.A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday.
→A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday.
一位写小说的青年昨天来向我们作报告。
2.The girl sitting next to me was my cousin.
→The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹。
-ing形式做定语通常从以下三方面考查,即:
1)说明被修饰词的性质,特征或用途。如:
1.They set up an operating table in a small temple.他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。
2.He may be in the reading room,for all I know.他说不定在阅览室里。
3.Ladies and gentlemen,please go and wait in the meeting room.女士们先生们,请去会议室等待。
2)与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作。如:
1.There were about 200 children studying in the art school.有大约二百个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。
2.Who is the woman talking to our English teacher?
正在和我们英语老师谈话的那位妇女是谁?
3)有些-ing形式已经转化成形容词,常做定语用来修饰物,表示“令人……”。常用的此类词有:exciting,amusing,amazing,astonishing,shocking,puzzling,confusing,disappointing,discouraging,pleasing,striking,boring,tiring,touching,moving,interesting,satisfying,terrifying,frightening等。如:
1.That must have been a terrifying experience.那准时一段可怕的经历。
2.The experiment was an amazing success.那项试验是一个惊人的成功。
3.There is a page missing from this book.这本书缺了一页。
除了-ing形式能做定语外,如果-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系,就用它的被动式,即being done.being doing通常表示正在被做,常做后置定语。如:
1.The tall building being built now is our new school.正在被建的高楼是我们的新学校。
2.The question being discussed was presented by the headmaster.正在被讨论的问题是被校长提出的。

收起

加ing,或者ed变成分词就可以作定语了。主动加ing,被动加ed